冠词
冠词的分类
- 不定冠词:a/an
- 定冠词:the
- 零冠词:无冠词
冠词的用法
- 不定冠词:
- 泛指用法: I saw a rabbit
- 表示数字"1": an apple
- 表示"每": a day = every day
- 主谓一致: a teacher and a video creator
- 固定表达:have a good time; as a result; in a hurry; all of a sudden;
- 定冠词:
- 特指用法: I saw a rabbit, the rabbit ran fast.
- 泛指用法: 西洋古典乐器:play the piano;
- 在形容词前:the beautiful girl
- 在序数词前/最高级:the first time
- 固定表达:all the time; by the way; in the end; out of the question;
- 零冠词:
- 复数泛指: rabbits are smart
- 专有名词: Papa Rabbit
- 泛指概念/复数: Summer is hot
- 固定表达:fish and chips; bread and butter; tea and coffee;
动词
实义动词
- 按照动作承受者划分:
- 及物动词:动词后面需要加宾语,表示动作的承受者。
- 不及物动词:动词后面不需要加宾语,表示动作的执行者。
- 按照动作状态划分:
- 动作动词
- 感官动词
系动词
系动词的作用就是给系动词前的对象赋值
- be
- 感官动词:looks, tastes, smells, sounds, feels
- 一直:remained
- 慢慢增长: grrew
- 变得:became
- 保持:remained
- 持续:continued
- 消失:disappeared
助动词
- 按照动作状态划分:
- 短时助动词:表示动作的执行者正在执行某种动作。
- 长时助动词:表示动作的执行者已经完成了某种动作。
- 按照动作状态划分:
- 短时助动词:表示动作的执行者正在执行某种动作。
- 长时助动词:表示动作的执行者已经完成了某种动作。
情态动词
- 按照动作状态划分:
- 短时情态动词:表示动作的执行者正在执行某种动作。
- 长时情态动词:表示动作的执行者已经完成了某种动作。
- 按照动作状态划分:
- 短时情态动词:表示动作的执行者正在执行某种动作。
- 长时情态动词:表示动作的执行者已经完成了某种动作。
非谓语动词
- 不定式
- 动名词
- 现在分词
- 过去分词
名词
名词的分类
- 普通名词
- 专有名词
- 动名词
- 形容词
- 数词
- 介词
- 代词
- 连词
介词
放置在前面的词就叫介词:preposition + 名词/代词
介词组成:
- 简单介词: in; on; at; over;
- 介词短语:by way of; at the end of; along with; because of; previous to;
- 合成介词:into, onto, within
- 分词介词
按照作用划分:
- 时间介词:in, on, at, over, above, under, below, near, by/beside, next to, across, through, past, in front of, before, behind, between …and …, among, round, around, along, to , towards, onto, into, out of
- 空间介词:in, on, at, during, for, since, before, after, from … to …, by, until
- 方式介词:in, through, by, with, on
- 原因介词:for, with, because/ because of, due to, as a result of, in order to, in the hope of, in case of
- 关于介词:about, concerning, on, in, of, for, to, with, from, by
- 数值介词:at, by, for
- 目的介词:for, in order to, to, in the hope of, in case of
- 条件介词:if, unless, in case of, in the event of, in the face of
- 比较介词:with, against, compared with, in comparison with, in contrast to, in the same way as, like, as, as if, as though
代词
代词分类:
- 人称代词:I, you, he, she, we, they
- 人称代词宾格:me, you, him, her, us, them
- 形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their
- 名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
- 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves
- 强调代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves
- 指示代词:this, that, these, those
- 相互代词:each other, one another
- 不定代词:some, any, every, all, none, much, many, few, little
- 疑问代词:who, what, where, when, why, how
- 连词代词:either, neither, both, all, none, some, any, each, every
- 关系代词:who, which, that